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George Julian Zolnay
George Julian Zolnay (Gyula Zsolnay) (July 4, 1863 - May 1, 1949) was a Hungarian and American sculptor called the "sculptor of the Confederacy".〔Brent p.1〕〔(George Julian Zolnay ) Findagrave.com, Accessed November 12, 2008〕
==Early years==
Zolnay was born on July 4, 1863〔Enc.Am. p.723〕 to Ignác (Ignatius) and Carolina Vagán Zsolnay. By 1849 his father, co-owner of the famed Zsolnay Porcelaine Manufacturer, had sold his interest and moved from Pécs, Kingdom of Hungary to Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania. Ignác served with General Józef Bem during the 1848 Hungarian War of Independence. Zolnay's birthplace is variously given as being either Bucharest〔Winfield Scott Downs, ''Who's who in New York (city and State)'', Published by Lewis Historical Publ. Co, 1947, page 1177〕〔The New York Times, ''Art Notes'', September 16, 1901, Wednesday, Page 6; (NYtimes.com )〕〔The New York Times, ''The Water Colour Club; Aquarelles and Pastels at the Fine Arts Building'', November 8, 1901, Wednesday, Page 7; (NYtimes.com )〕〔(The New York Times, ''Art notes'', November 22, 1903, Sunday, Page 7 )〕〔Adrian-Silvan Ionescu, ''Un artist Bucureştean cu stralucită carieră în Statele Unite ale Americii: George Julian Zolnay'', in "Fifth International Congress of Romanian Studies", Constanta, Romania, June 25–28, 2007〕 or Pécs, Hungary.〔(Enc. Am. snippet from p. 723 )〕 He grew up in Bucharest, attending the Saint Sava National College.〔Winfield Scott Downs, ''Who's who in New York (city and State)'', Published by Lewis Historical Publ. Co, 1947, page 1177〕 As George's talents in the arts were noticed in his childhood, he initially wanted to become a violinist, attaining a scholarship at the Music and Drama Conservatory; his father's disapproval kept him from violin, but he did learn to appreciate art. At age twenty he assumed a brief career as a cadet in the Romanian cavalry regiments, where he modelled many military objects and individuals. At his father's wishes, he entered the civil service upon leaving the military, but decided to learn sculpting on the side. His father finally impressed by one of his sculptures, Zolnay studied and graduated from the Royal Art Academy of Bucharest where he learned under Karl Stork.〔S.C.I.A. p.349〕 He then went to Paris, France to study under William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Alexandre Falguière, as then to the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts of Vienna where he studied under Edmund von Hellmer and Carl Kundmann,〔S.C.I.A. p.349〕 and received a Grand Prix for his work. His high ranking at Vienna gave him a grant for his own art studio, and a cash allowance.〔Cyclopedia p.372〕〔Wright p.39〕〔U of V, p.83〕
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